Session 18

 Irregular verbs 

until lean 

 Test  

1.Tenses review : 

until Future Progressive 

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/tenses

1-3

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/tenses_table.pdf

Folosim Present Continuous cu adv de frecventa daca dorim sa ne aratam dezaprobarea : 

He is always bitting his nails ! 

They are always gossiping !

2. Passive Voice 

3. Indirect speech 

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/language-course

https://www.esl-lounge.com/student/grammar/2g29-john-the-stuntman.php

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/tenses/t091-all-tenses.htm

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/tenses/t090-all-tenses.htm

Session 17

 Put the following sentences into the PASSIVE VOICE:

 

1.      Someone has already paid the electrician for his work.

The electrician has already been paid by someone.

2.      They taught him French and gave him a dictionary.

He was taugh French and was given a dictionary by them.

3.      When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.

I had already been offerd a job at the bank when we first met.

4.      A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting.

   The stranger was requested to leave the meeting by a man.

5.      A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight o’clock.

The rest of us was asked by a young woman to be there at eight o'clock. 

6.      They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation.

The dinner had been eaten before they finished the conversation.

7.      Who wrote it?

Who was it written by?

8.      The author has written a special edition for children.

A special edition for children has been written by the author.

9.      Did the idea interest you?

Was the idea interesting for you?

10.  Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?

to mend (ed) = to fix (ed) = to repair (ed) 

Why wasn't the roof mended before it fell in?

11.  The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door.

burglar = spargator de locuinte

robber = sparagator de banca/ magazin / talhar 

thief = hot 

A huge hole had been cut in the steel door by the burglars.

12.  The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.

to exhibit (ed)= a expune

exhibition = expozitie

The paintings will be exhibited by the organizers till the end of the month.

13.  When did they ring the church bells?

When were the church bells rung?

14.  Does listening to music disturb you?

         to disturb (ed) = a deranja 

to soothe (ed) = to relax (ed) = to deconcentrate (ed) = a te relaxa

 

Are you disturbed by listening to music?

Passive Voice  = to be ( tense required ) + V3 

Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:

 

      Someone broke into a local jewellery shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied him up. The police have organized a search for the robber. They hope they will find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.

Yesterday a local jewellery shop was broken into by someone. The owner was threatened by a robber with a gun after he had just locked up the shop. He was told by the robber to unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. He was tied up by the robber. A search for the robber has been organized  by the police. They hope that he will be found in a few days. The owner is being treated for shock by doctors. 

 Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:

 

     Some people saw a UFO in the sky above London last night. They reported it to the police. The army sent a helicopter to look at it more closely. The UFO shot the helicopter down and killed both men in it. People have given photographs of the UFO to the police. Experts are looking at them now.

A UFO was seen in the sky above London last night. It was reported to the police by them. A helicopter was sent by the army to look at it more closely. The helicopter was shot down by the UFO and both men were killed. Photographs of the UFO have been given to the police. They are being looked at by experts now.

Turn form ACTIVE into PASSIVE as in the example:

 

1.      He gave me a present.

a)      I was given a present.

b)      A present was given to me.

2.      The waiter will bring us the bill.

a)      The bill will be brought by the waiter.

b)      We will be brought the bill by the waiter.

3.      The Queen presented him with a medal.

to present somebody with something = a oferi cuiva o distinctie in cadru oficial

to introduce somebody to somebody else= a prezenta pe cineva 

a)      A medal was presented to him by the Queen.

b)      He was presented with a medal by the Queen.

4.      Her mother bought Mary some sweets.

a)      Some sweets were bought for Mary by her mother.

b)      Mary was bought some sweets by her mother.

5.      Bob has sold Ted a second-hand car.

a)      A second-hand car has been sold to Ted by Bob.

b)      ……Ted was sold a second-hand car by Bob.

6.      Larry is going to send a letter to Tom.

a)     A letter to Tom is going to be sent by Larry.

b)  Tom is going to sent a letter from Larry.

Session 16

 IRREGULAR VERBS 

TASK FOR NEXT WEEK - from the list on the right you learn until ' to cut ' .

PASSIVE VOICE - diateza pasiva 

Eu citesc o carte - diateza activa : S gramatical  - eu - face actiunea 

O carte este citita de mine . - diateza pasiva -  S gramatical  - o carte  -  nu face actiunea ,ci asupra S se rasfrange actiunea 

I do it every day * in fiecare zi / adv de timp 

My everyday routine is to have coffee at 6 am . * zilnic / de zi cu zi / adj

to bring somebody up = a educa/ a creste pe cineva 

to sting - stung - stung = a (se) intepa

ought to = should = ar trebui (sfaturi/ sugestii ) 

have to = must = trebuie 

have to = trebuie * obligatie din exterior 

must = trebuie * obligatia din interior ( de la tine ) + reguli pentru diverse situatii - de evitare a infectarii

to extinguish (ed)= to put out = a stinge * tigara / incendiu ...

to dry- clean (ed) = a curata la curatatorie

to obey (ed) = a asculta de * parinti / a urma regulile 

obedient = ascultator / supus / obedient 

disobedient = neascultator 

pickpocket = hot de buzunare 

to pick pockets = a fura din buzunare 

traffic warden = politist circulatie 

traffic lights = semafor 

traffic jam = ambuteiaj 

PASSIVE VOICE = TO BE ( TENSE REQUIRED ) + V3 

Fill in the PASSIVE in the appropriate tense:

 

1.      (TV / invent / Baird)                                  TV was invented by Baird. 

2.      (Pyramids / build / Egyptians)                  Pyramids were built by Egyptians.

3.      (milk / produce / cows)                              Milk is produced by cows.

4.      (coffee / grow / in Brazil)                           Coffee is grown in Brazil.

5.      (chopsticks / use / in China)                       Chopsticks are used in China.

6.      (plants / water / every day)                          Plants are watered every day.

7.      (the thief / arrest / policeman / yesterday)   The thief was arrested by the policeman yesterday.

8.      (the injured man / take to a hospital / now) The injured man is being taken to a hospital now.

9.      (the car / repair / tomorrow)                        The car will be repaired tomorrow.

10.  (the letter / send / last week)                       The letter was sent last week.

Turn from ACTIVE into PASSIVE:

 

1.      The gardener has planted some trees.  

      Some trees have been planted by the gardener.

2.      Doctor Brown will give you some advice.

Some advice will be given to you by Doctor Brown.

3.      A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.

The hotel will be redecorated by a famous designer.

4.      Steven Spielberg directed “E.T.”

“E.T.” was directed by Steven Spielberg.

5.      Someone has broken the crystal vase.

       The crystal vase has been broken by someone.

6.      His parents have brought him up to be polite.

He has been brought up to be polite by his parents.

7.      Fleming discovered penicillin.

Penicillin was discoverd by Fleming.

8.      They will advertise the product on television.

The product will be advertised on television.

9.      Someone is remaking that film.

That film is being remade by someone.

10.  Picasso painted that picture.

That picture was painted by Picasso.

 Using the PASSIVE, ask questions to which the bold type words are answers:

 

     1.  Columbus discovered America.          Who was America discovered by ?

     2.  We keep money in a safe.                     Where is our money kept?

     3.  A bee stung him.                                   What was he stung by ?

     4.  They speak Italian in Italy.                   What language is spoken in Italy ?

     5.  They have taken his aunt to hospital.    Who has been taken to hospital by them?

     6.  The boys damaged the television.          Who has the television been damaged by ?

     7.   Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.          Who has the Mona Lisa been painted by ?

     8.   He invited 30 people to his party.         How many people were invited to his party ?

     9.   They grow bananas in Africa.              Where are bananas grown ?

 

Turn from ACTIVE into PASSIVE:

 

     1.   You must leave the bathroom tidy.           The bathroom must be left tidy. 

     2.   You should water this plant daily.           This plant should be watered daily.

     3.   Our neighbor ought to paint the garage.   The garage ought to be painted by our neighbor.

     4.   I have to return these books to the library. These books have to be returned to the library.

     5.   You must extinguish your cigarettes.       Your cigarettes must be extinguished

     6.   You must dry-clean this shirt.                  This shirt must be dry-cleaned. 

     7.   Someone will pay you in ten days.          In ten days you will be paid.

8.      You can improve your health with more exercise.    Your health can be improved with more exercise. 

9.      People must obey the law.           The law must be obeyed.             

10.The cleaner is going to mop the kitchen floor.

     The kitchen floor is going to be mopped by the cleaner. 

Turn from ACTIVE into PASSIVE:

 

     1.  Someone is helping her with the housework.

    She is being helped with the housework.

1.      A pickpocket robbed me.

I was robbed by a pickpocket.

2.      The mail-order company sent Mrs. Green a parcel.

Mrs. Green  was sent a parcel by the mail -order company.

3.      A dog is chasing the child. 

The child is being chased by a dog.

4.      My friend sent me an invitation.

An invitation for me was sent by my friend.

5.      The farmer is building a new barn.

   A new barn is being built by the farmer.

6.      The secretary has given Mrs. Jones some letters.

Some letters have been given to Mrs. Jones by the secretary.

7.      The traffic warden had already given him a ticket for illegal parking.

A ticket for illegal parking had been given to him by the traffic warden.

8.      Someone had broken our door down.

Our door had been broken down by someone.

9.      They chose him as the best actor of the year.

He was chosen as the best actor of the year.

Session 15

 Reported speech 

The snowman could be the symbol of childhood. The girl keeps him alive by keeping him in a fridge.She revisits him year after year maybe because the snowman is the child part of the adult . He represents imagination , innocence, stories, creativity , playing time. Every year the woman re-lives part of her childhood around Christmas and in the end she is accompanied by her daughter, the chance of being a child together with her . 

Backstreet Boys - All I Have To Give (Official Video)

" I don't know what he does to make you cry,

But I'll be there to make you smile

I don't have a fancy car,

 to get to you I'd walk a thousand miles."

He didn't know what the other one did to make her cry but he would be there to make her smile.

He said that he didn't have a fancy car to get to her but he would walk a thousand miles.

"I don't care if he buys you nice things

Does his gifts come from the heart?

I don't know but if you were my girl

I'd make it so we'd never be apart."

He said he didn't care if he bought nice things but he was wondering if his gifts came from the heart. 

He explained if she had been his girl, he would make it so they would never be apart.

"But my love is all I have to give 

Without you I don't think I can live

I wish I could give the world to you

But love is all I have to give . " 

He said love was all he has to give and without her he didn't think he could live.He wished to give the world to her but love was all he had to give.

" When you talk, does it seem like 

he's not even listening to a word you say?

That's ok, babe, just tell me your problems

I'll try my best to kiss them all away."

He said when she talked that it seemed he was not even listening to a word she said. He comforted her saying to tell him her problems because he would try his best to kiss them all away.

Simply Red - You Make Me Feel Brand New (Official Video)

"My love

I'll never find the words, my love

To tell you how I feel, my love

Mere words could not explain

Precious love

You held my life within your hands

Created everything I am

Taught me how to live again"

badge - insigna 

frying pan = tigaie 

He said that he would never find the words to tell her how he felt.Mere words couldn't explain his precious love . He said she had held his life in her hands and she had created everything he was and she had taught him  how to live again.

Session 14

 Textbook page 42 

escalator = scara rulanta

elevator = lift = lift 

to book (ed) = a rezerva/ a face rezervare 

2/ 42 

• 1. My dad’s worked as a scientist for 20 years.
  My dad started working as a scientist 20 years ago .
• 
  
• 2. I really don’t understand physics. I would like to understand it.
  
  I wish I COULD UNDERSTAND  physics.
• 
  
• 3. I’m quite sure he doesn’t like science.
  He really doesn’t like science, DOES HE  ?
• 
  
• 4. Before Mr O’Brian was our teacher, I didn’t like science much.
  I DIDN'T  like science before Mr O’Brian became our teacher.
• I  HADN'T LIKED science before Mr O’Brian became our teacher.
• 
  
• 5. I always fail biology tests because I don’t understand things.
  If I understood things, I WOULDN'T FAIL  biology tests.
• 
  
• 6. I don’t enjoy science fiction, and Jim doesn’t enjoy science fiction.
  I don’t enjoy science fiction, and NEITHER DOES  Jim.
• 
  

• I don’t enjoy science fiction, and NEITHER DOES  Jim, ....NOR .....Mark .

EITHER ...OR 

NEITHER ....NOR 

• • He’s a bit angry – I think you 'D / HAD better apologise to him.
  • I’m DOING  my homework now, so I’ll talk to you later.
  • If you WORKED harder, you would do better at school.
  • You never MAKE / HAVE  time for your friends.
  • He runs more quickLY  than me.
  • It’s late. We’d better GO  home now.

• TO FANCY = to like 
• to feel like = a avea chef 

to count smb out = a nu pune pe cineva la socoteala 

The beginning of the text is about a woman who found out that she had cancer and she would die in a year. After she had heard that she decided to spend all her left time watching birds. 

to spot (ed) = a zari / a observa 

spotter = observator 

Phoebe was doing something that she enjoyed and that helped her be a survivor.

to borrow (ed) = a lua cu imprumut 

to lend - lent -lent = a da cu imprumut 

Session 13

 Alexandra's suggestions:

~https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/past-simple-or-past-continuous-tense/teaching-songs-past-simple/6960
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4A5XuMz_Tw

to strum (ed) = a zdrangani /a canta prost / a improviza

~https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/past-perfect-simple-or-continuous-tense/ride-twenty-one-pilots/92403
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw-0pbY9JeU

~https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw-0pbY9JeUen.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/past-simple-tense/i-will-survive/100849
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARt9HV9T0w8

~https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/material-type/activities-songs-and-nursery-rhymes/dancing-queen-abba/49643
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFrGuyw1V8s

~https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/material-type/fun-activities-and-games/song-worksheet-lay-all-your-love-me/29609
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCUL9XwLyPA

Indirect speech 

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech.html

Exercises 

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/reported-speech-exercise-1.html

A) Change the following sentences from DIRECT to INDIRECT SPEECH:

 

1.      He said, “I will be here at noon.”

He said that he would be here at noon.

2.      Mary said, “The train will probably arrive on time.”

Mary said the train would probably arrive on time.

3.      He said, “I have to finish this report by five o’clock.”

He said he had to finish that report by 5 o'clock.

4.      The doctor said, “Mr. Smith will improve quickly.”

The doctor said Mr. Smith would improve quickly .

5.      William said to me, “I am leaving  in the morning.”

William said to me that he was leaving in the morning . 

6.      The teacher said, “Everyone has to write a composition.”

The teacher said everyone had to write a composition .

7.      John said, “I saw that movie on Wednesday ."

John said that he had seen that movie on Wednesday.

8.      Helen said, “I have read that book.”

Helen said she had read that book.

9.      Mary said to John, “I cannot go to the movie with you.”

MAry said to John that she couldn't go to the movie with him.

10.  John said, “I have finished studying my lesson.”

John said he had finished studying his lesson .

11.  Mary remarked, “John speaks English well.”

Mary remarked John spoke English well. 

12.  William said to me, “I will not see Mr. Jones until Tuesday.”

William said to me that he wouldn't see Mr. Jones until Tuesday . 

13.  Mr. Smith said, “I will refuse their offer.”

Mr. Smith said he would refuse their offer.

14.  John said, “I certainly hope it won’t rain tomorrow.”

John said he certainly hoped it wouldn't rain the following day .

15.  Henry said, “I can meet them later.”

……………………………………………………………………………………….

16.  The boy said, “I am only eight years old.”

……………………………………………………………………………………….

17.  She said to me, “The lights have gone out.”

……………………………………………………………………………………….

18.  The man said, “The telephone is out of order.”

……………………………………………………………………………………….

19.  He said, “I will never speak to her again.”

……………………………………………………………………………………….

20.  I said to the clerk clearly, “I have already paid that bill.”

………………………………………………………………………………………

Session 12

 Events that shook the world 

    Even a century later, the " Titanic " disaster is still a good subject   for artists, film-makers and writers. Why? Because it is one of the most intriguing tragedy in the world history . 

    "There is no danger that Titanic will sink. The boat is unsinkable and nothing but inconvenience will be suffered by the passengers." said Phillip Franklin,  " White Star Line"  vice-president, in 1912, before the "Titanic " maiden voyage . In spite of these , it sank . Why ? 

    Firstly , there were some problems with the materials used for shipbuilding. A certain kind of steel that became extra brittle in the cold  was used to make the body of the ship . When the " Titanic " hit the iceberg , the steel sheets cracked . 

    Secondly , it is said that the "Titanic " received at least six messages from other vessels in the area warning of drifting ice, but they ignored all of them .More than that the  "Titanic"’s radio operator dismissed an iceberg warning from a nearby ship, the  "California" .

    Thirdly , some people claim that there were not binoculars at the lookouts ,but others argue that even if there had been some binoculars , they wouldn't have helped at night . Also there were not enough lifeboats ( only 1,200 )  for over 2,000 passengers and crew members aboard . 

    In a nutshell, the  cruel sea, the iceberg  and the cold weather took  the lives of 1517 passengers and crew on board .   Just 706 of them survived the ordeal to tell the horrific and sad tale to the world.

 

brittle =    casant / sfaramicios 

dismissal = ignorare 

to dismiss = a ignora/ a da liber 

aboard = la bord 

abroad = in strainatate 

Sources : 

1. https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-history/get-the-real-truth-reason-behind-the-sinking-of-titanic/

2. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20120402-the-myth-of-the-unsinkable-ship

Conditionals : 

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3