Session 12

 Events that shook the world 

    Even a century later, the " Titanic " disaster is still a good subject   for artists, film-makers and writers. Why? Because it is one of the most intriguing tragedy in the world history . 

    "There is no danger that Titanic will sink. The boat is unsinkable and nothing but inconvenience will be suffered by the passengers." said Phillip Franklin,  " White Star Line"  vice-president, in 1912, before the "Titanic " maiden voyage . In spite of these , it sank . Why ? 

    Firstly , there were some problems with the materials used for shipbuilding. A certain kind of steel that became extra brittle in the cold  was used to make the body of the ship . When the " Titanic " hit the iceberg , the steel sheets cracked . 

    Secondly , it is said that the "Titanic " received at least six messages from other vessels in the area warning of drifting ice, but they ignored all of them .More than that the  "Titanic"’s radio operator dismissed an iceberg warning from a nearby ship, the  "California" .

    Thirdly , some people claim that there were not binoculars at the lookouts ,but others argue that even if there had been some binoculars , they wouldn't have helped at night . Also there were not enough lifeboats ( only 1,200 )  for over 2,000 passengers and crew members aboard . 

    In a nutshell, the  cruel sea, the iceberg  and the cold weather took  the lives of 1517 passengers and crew on board .   Just 706 of them survived the ordeal to tell the horrific and sad tale to the world.

 

brittle =    casant / sfaramicios 

dismissal = ignorare 

to dismiss = a ignora/ a da liber 

aboard = la bord 

abroad = in strainatate 

Sources : 

1. https://www.marineinsight.com/maritime-history/get-the-real-truth-reason-behind-the-sinking-of-titanic/

2. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20120402-the-myth-of-the-unsinkable-ship

Conditionals : 

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/conditional-sentences-3

Session 11

 https://www.boredpanda.com/british-american-english-differences-language/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=organic

Conditionala - sub intr de ' daca ' / if 

Conditional 1 - actiune posibila in viitor 

Ex : Daca simptomele vor fi usoare nu va fi nevoie sa mergem la spital . 

IF + PRESENT ; WILL + V1

If the symptoms are easy we won't have to go to the hospital.

Conditional 2 - actiune contrara realitatii

Ex : As merge cu tine daca as avea timp. 

IF + PAST ; WOULD +V1

I would come with you if I had enough time.

Conditional 3 - regret

IF + PAST PERFECT ; WOULD + HAVE + V3 

Ex : Daca as fi stiut de test as fi invatat mai serios. 

If I had known about the test I would have learnt more .

  15. Life appeared on Earth millions of years ago.

    There has … been life on Earth for millions of years.

  16. I came here at nine o’clock and I am still waiting for him.

    I’ve been waiting for him since nine o'clock.

  17. The Spaniards built this castle.

    This castle was built by the Spaniards.

  18. A UFO ( unidentified flying object)  has not been seen here in 1960.

    Nobody has seen a UFO since 1960.

  19. Turn the knob and the machine will start to work.

    If  you turn the knob the machine will start to work. 

  20. I would like to buy a new CD, but I don’t have the money.

    If I had the money I would buy a new CD.

  21. I’ll come out with you at the weekend as long as I finish my homework.

    If …I finish my homework I will come with you at the weekend.

  22. This box is too heavy for me to carry.

    This box is not light enough for me to carry.

  23. Who invented the printing press?

    Who was …the inventor of the printing press?

  24. A woman has written this book.

    This book has been written by a woman

  25. A plumber fixed the pipe.

    I had the pipe fixed by a plumber.

  26. An engineer installed this washing-machine.

    We had this washing-machine installed by an engineer.

  27. “How long do you spend talking on the phone?”

    She asked him how long he spent talking on the phone.

  28. It was a very boring film.

    The film made me feel bored.

  29. I didn’t have the money so I didn’t buy a new jacket.

    If I had had  the money I would have bought a new jacket.

  30. I am tired because I don’t rest enough time.

    If I rested …enough time I wouldn't be tired.

Session 10

 MODALS 

must = have to = trebuie 

must ( rule/ internal decision )

have to ( external obligation )

It is late now. We must go home ( because I want to go to bed ).

It is late now. We have to go home ( because in the morning I go to work / because I have to put my kids to bed )

In the library you must be quiet !

mustn't = nu trebuie/ e interzis

don't have to = nu e necesar sa ...= don't need to/ needn't 

https://www.tolearnenglish.com/cgi2/myexam/voir2r.php?id=14439

https://www.grammarbank.com/mustnt-vs-dont-have-to.html

should - ar trebui 

had better +V1 = mai bine ai ...

had better NOT + V1 = mai bine nu ai ...

Our colleagues had better learn the lessons because tomorrow we will have an online test at History.

Carina had better not dive in Maldives because she doesn't know how to swim.

to be supposed to = a se presupune ca ...

Students are supposed to enter online meetings with their cameras on. 

I am not supposed to finish writing my book in one month. I am supposed to finish writing my book in one or two months,

may = a avea permisiunea / s-ar putea (-)= to be allowed to 

might = s-ar putea (--)

can = a putea ( a fi capabil sa ) / a cere permisiunea 

https://www.english-grammar.at/online_exercises/modal-verbs/m009.htm

https://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/398.html

Session 9

 

house gown = halat 

tutorial = meditatie ( engleza, romana )

meditation = meditatie ( yoga)

to have a tutorial = a avea o meditatie

textbook = manual 

to do exercises=  a face exercitii 

to do homework = a face teme 

dust= praf

damp = umed 

bulb = glob/ bec 

sample = mostra 

Either / Neither

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/either-and-neither.html

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/either-and-neither-exercise-2.html

https://www.learn-english-today.com/lessons/lesson_contents/exercises/so-neither_online-ex1.html

Art Klett - page 28 

Read " The Fall of Berlin Wall " - ask questions from the text.

Did the Berlin Wall stop the citizens from East Germany visiting their neighbours for 25 years ? 

Had many people tried to escalate the wall before 1989 ? 

When did the East Government announce their people they were free to visit the other side of the wall ?

Which countries protested against their governments ?

brick - caramida 

When did the government send in bulldozers to demolish the wall ?

What did the guards do while the crowds were singing ?

Homework 

Listen to " The wind of change " - Scorpions 

Write down what's the message  in 2-3 sentences.

Select the metaphors in the song and try to explain their meaning . 

Deadline : - 8th Nov , at noon